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1 ἀναπληρόω
ἀναπληρόω fut. ἀναπληρώσω; 1 aor. ἀνεπλήρωσα. Pass.: fut. 3 pl. ἀναπληρωθήσονται Is 60:20; aor. ἀνεπληρώθην LXX; pf. 3 pl. ἀναπεπλήρωνται Gen 15:16 (s. πληρόω; Eur.+).① to complete the quantity of someth., make complete fig. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 47 §191 a body of troops, 4, 89 §374 of outstanding obligations; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 447 τὴν ἡλικίαν=period of childhood; EpArist 75; Just., D. 81, 3 χίλια ἔτη) ἀ. αὐτῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας (cp. Gen 15:16) fill up the measure of their sins 1 Th 2:16 (unless this belongs in 2 as a commercial metaphor).② to carry out an agreement or obligation, fulfill (a contract: UPZ 112 V, 3 [203/202 B.C.]; O. Wilck. I 532–34. A duty: POxy 1121, 11. An order for work: Jos., Ant. 8, 58) of prophecies (1 Esdr 1:54 εἰς ἀναπλήρωσιν τ. ῥήματος τ. κυρίου) ἀναπληροῦται αὐτοῖς ἡ προφητεία with them the prophecy is being fulfilled Mt 13:14. Of claims upon one: ἀ. τὸν νόμον τ. Χριστοῦ Gal 6:2. ἀ. πᾶσαν ἐντολήν B 21:8.③ to supply what is lacking, fill a gap, replace (Pla., Symp. 188e; SIG 364, 62; OGI 56, 46; PLille I, 8, 14 [III B.C.]; Jos., Bell. 4, 198, Ant. 5, 214) τὸ ὑστέρημα (Herm. Wr. 13, 1 τὰ ὑστερήματα ἀναπλήρωσον; TestBenj 11:5) w. gen. of pers. make up for someone’s absence or lack, represent one who is absent (PMonac 14, 17f [VI A.D.] τῷ βικαρίῳ Ἑρμώνθεως ἀναπληροῦντι τὸν τόπον τοῦ τοποτηρητοῦ) 1 Cor 16:17; Phil 2:30; 1 Cl 38:2. τὸν τ. ὑπακοῆς τόπον ἀναπληρῶσαι take the attitude of obedience 1 Cl 63:1. τοὺς τύπους τῶν λίθων ἀ. fill up the impressions left by the stones (cp. EpArist 75) Hs 9, 10, 1.④ to occupy a place, occupy, fill ὁ ἀναπληρῶν τ. τόπον τ. ἰδιώτου 1 Cor 14:16, because of the ἰδ. of vss. 23f, cannot mean ‘the one who occupies the position’ (for this mng. of τόπος see s.v. 1e; ἀναπληρ. in such a connection: Ps.-Clem., Hom. 3, 60; cp. the use of ἀποπληρόω Epict. 2, 4, 5; Jos., Bell. 5, 88) of an ‘outsider’, i.e., in contrast to those speaking in tongues, one who is not so gifted (PBachmann, w. ref. to Talmudic usage; Ltzm., w. ref. to Whitaker, s. below; JSickenberger; H-DWendland). Rather ἀ. τὸν τόπον τινός means take or fill someone’s place (cp. Diod S 19, 22, 2 τὸν τόπον ἀ.; Hero Alex. I p. 8, 20 τὸν κενωθέντα τόπον ἀ.; Pla., Tim. 79b ἀ. τὴν ἕδραν), and τόπος here means a place actually occupied by an ἰδιώτης in the meeting (a view not shared by most Eng. translators), but it is not necessary to assume that a section was reserved for catechumens (so GHeinrici; JWeiss). On the other hand, Ltzm. asks whether baptized Christians would be better informed. S. ἰδιώτης 2 and GWhitaker, JTS 22, 1921, 268.—M-M. TW.
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